Monday, September 5, 2016

03 EtruscansAND OTHER TRIBES BEFORE ROME

http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/etruscans/f/Etruscans.htm

http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/ItalySamnites.htm


File:Italy 400bC en.svg


Map of the Samnites


Etruscans


The Etruscans, who lived in Etruria, were known as Tyrrhenians by the Greeks. They were at their height in Italy from the 8th to the 5th century B.C. Herodotus (c. 450 B.C.) reports, as a theory of their origin, that the Etruscans came from Asia Minor. Recent work on DNA in cattle suggests Herodotus may have been right, although some still consider them indigenous to the Italic peninsula.
The Etruscans lived in what is modern Tuscany, in the area bounded by the Tiber and Arno rivers, the Apennines and the Tyrrhenian Sea. The Etruscan economy was based on agriculture, trade (especially with the Greeks and Carthage), and mineral resources.

Samnites (Sabellians)
The Samnites were an Indo-European people who settled in ancient Italy. During the Iron Age they were located along the southern Apennines, t
The Samnite people formed part of a generalised group called Italics. The origins of the Italics are uncertain, but the Oscan-Umbrian group of which the Samnites were part are largely accepted as being Indo-Europeans (perhaps proto-Celts) who migrated into the peninsula from the north in the eleventh to eighth centuries BC. The Samnites were composed of four separate clans: the Carracini (orCarricini), CaudiniHirpini, and Pentri (the most important of the clans), and were grouped together in a loosely-knit confederation. The Frentani were also originally Samnites, but were self-governing for much of their existence.
Samnites were originally a tribe of the Sabellians. This was a collective of central Italian tribes during the Iron Age that also was comprised of the Marrucini, Marsi, PicentesSabini, and Vestini. More specifically, the Picentes and Samnites may have been a division of the Sabini. Writers frequently link one to the other, sometimes referring to the Samnites as Sabellus, seemingly as an umbrella term for their origin. From the Samnites were descended the Lucani, and from the Lucani the Brutii.


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